Keywords
anatomy
leaf
plasticity
drought resistance
How to Cite
Abstract
This study’s objective was to evaluate the adaptive potential of the leaves of Veronica (V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata) in the arid conditions of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine (KBG) located in the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper. Leaves have been obtained from the collection of ornamental plants of KBG, where these plants are introduced for ten years. The seasonal dynamics of leaf development have been studied during the growing season of 2018, when the most arid climatic conditions were observed.
The leaves of the investigated species were found to be dorsoventral, amphistomatic, with an anomocytic stomatal apparatus and bifacial mesophyll. Changes in the anatomical structures of the leaf blade towards xeromorphism were determined. In particular, in all studied specimens thickening of the cuticle, adaxial and abaxial epidermises (except V. prostrata, where the upper epidermis decreased by 35 %) mesophyll occurred. The number of stomata on the abaxial epidermis in all species decreased (the most notably in V. prostrata). Such increase of xeromorphism in V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata is an adaptive reaction of plants to the effects of extreme arid weather and climatic conditions of the Kryvorizhzhya, which testifies to the plasticity of investigated species and their high adaptation potential to the climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper.
References
Antsyshkina, A. M., Morokhina, S. L., & Plyashnik, N. V. (2017). Morphological and anatomical study of some European species of the genus Veronica. Journal of Pharmacy, 66(3), 20–23. (In Russian)
Baranova, M. A. (1985). Classifications of the morphological types of stomata. Botanicheskiy Zhurnal, 70(12), 1585–1595. (In Russian)
Barykina, R. P., Veselova, T. D., Devyatov, A. G., Dzhalilova, K. K., Ilina, G. M., & Chubatova, N. V. (2004). Handbook of botanical microtechniques. Basics and methods. Moscow: Moscow State University. (In Russian)
Chypylyak, T. F., Mazura, M. Yu., Bereslavska, O. O., & Leshcheniuk, O. M. (2014). Flower design of parks and squares in the city of Kryvyi Rih: Condition, problems and recommendations for improvement. Scientific Bulletin of NLTU of Ukraine, 24(4) 164–169. (In Ukrainian)
Dospekhov, B. A. (1985). Field experimental technique (with the basics of statistical processing of research results). Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian)
Esau, K. (1969). Plant anatomy. Moscow: World. (In Russian)
Franceschi V. R., & Nakata, P. A. (2005). Calcium oxalate in plants: Formation and function. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 56, 41–71. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144106
Grodzinskiy, D. M. (2013). Adaptive strategy of physiological processes of plants. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. (In Ukrainian)
Kaplan, A., Hasanoglu, A., & Ince, I. A. (2007). Morphological, anatomical and palynological properties of some Turkish Veronica L. species (Scrphulariaceae). International Journal of Botany, 3(1), 23–32. https://doi.org: 10.3923/ijb.2007.23.32
Kazakov, V. L, Paran’ko, I. S., Smetana, M. H., Shypunova, V. O., Kotsyuruba, V. V., & Kalinichenko, O. O. (2005). Natural geography of Kryvbas. Kryvyy Rih: KDPU. (In Ukrainian)
Kotov, M. I., Prokudin, Y. N., & Barbarich, A. I. (1999). The determinant of higher plants of Ukraine. Kiev: Phytosociocenter. (In Russian)
Leshcheniuk, O. M. (2017, March 1–2). Ecological and biological features of Veronica incana L. during introduction into the Kriviy Rig Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (Steppe zone). In Plants and Urbanization (pp. 101–103). Dnipro. (In Ukrainian)
Leshcheniuk, O. M. (2018, March 3). Seasonal rhythm of development of Veronica austriaca L. in the conditions of Kryvorizhzhya. In Plants and Urbanization (pp. 86–88). Dnipro. (In Ukrainian)
Leshcheniuk, O. M. (2019, May 22–24). Ecological and biological features of Veronica prostrata L. and prospects of its use in the conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Dnieper. In Introduction and conservation of plant diversity in the botanical gardens of Eastern Europe (pp. 45–46). Kyiv. (In Ukrainian)
López-Macías, B., Morales-Martínez, S., Loza-Cornejo, S., Reyes C., Terrazas, T., Patakfalvi, R., Ortiz-Morales, M., & Miranda-Beltrán, M. (2019). Variability and composition of calcium oxalate crystals in embryos-seedlings-adult plants of the globose cacti Mammillaria uncinata. Micron, 125, 102731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2019.102731
Marchyshyn, S. M., Sira, L. M., & Milyan, I. I. (2015). Morphological-anatomical structure of the Veronica prostrata L. grass. Ukrainian Biopharmaceutical Journal, 3, 78–82. (In Ukrainian)
Mocan, A., Vodnar, D., Vlase, L., Crisan, O., Gheldiu, A.-M., & Crisan, G. (2015). Phytochemical characterization of Veronica officinalis L., V. teucrium L. and V. orchidea Crantz from Romania and their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(9), 21109–21127. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921109
Nakata, P. (2003). Advances in our understanding of calcium oxalate crystal formation and function in plants. Plant Science, 164(6), 901–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00120-1
Raunkiaer, C. (1907). Planterigets Livsformes of deres Betydning for Geografies. Kobenhavn: Nordiskforlag.
Rp5. (2020). The weather site. Retrieved from http://rp5.ua/
Serebryakov, I. G. (1964). Life forms of plants and studying of them. In Field geobotany. Vol. 3 (pp. 146–205). Moscow – Leningrad: Nauka. (In Russian)
Shvets, I. V. (2013). Composition and distribution of species of the genus veronica (Veronica L.) on the territory of Kyiv and Kyiv region. Biological Systems: Theory and Innovation (Ukrainian version), 193, 38–44. (In Ukrainian). Retrieved from http://journals.nubip.edu.ua/index.php/Biologiya/article/download/637/611
Takhtajan, A. L. (1978). Floristic regions of the world. Leningrad: Nauka. (In Russian)
Vasilevskaya, V. K. (1965). Structural adaptations of hot and cold deserts of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Problems of Modern Botany, 2, 5–17. (In Russian)
Vekhov, V. N., Lotova, L. I., & Filin, V. R. (1980). Workshop on the anatomy and morphology of higher plants. Moscow: MSU. (In Russian)
Yelenevskiy, A. G. (1978). Systematics and geography of veronics of the USSR and the neighboring countries. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian)
Zyman, S. M., Mosyakin, S. L., Bulakh, O. V., Tsarenko, O. M., & Fel’baba-Klushyna, L. M. (2004). Illustrated guide to the morphology of flowering plants. Uzhhorod: Medium. (In Ukrainian)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.