Keywords
common bean
pollen
reproduction
How to Cite
Abstract
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a plant having hermaphroditic flowers, which are self-fertilizing. Common bean is a important commercial crop and one of Turkey’s most valuable grain legumes for human consumption. Genetic variation exists within and between bean populations. These variations can have an impact on the plants morphology, including reproductive organs. Variations in size and length of reproductive organs may cause different cell numbers and various fertilization successes. In this study, the response of four determinate common bean genotypes (Akman, Bitlis 117, Göksun, and Karacaşehir) to reproductive organ structure was studied. Plants were grown at 21/16 °C (day/night) and 12 h photoperiod in a greenhouse in Mersin, Turkey. Besides focusing mainly on pollen development, fertilization success factors such as pod and seed set were also assessed. Pod and seed set were evaluated numerically for each genotype. For pollen morphology, flower buds of the equal growth stage of all four bean genotypes were collected, and these samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The species have distinct morphological characteristics concerning pollen size, ornamentation patterns of the exine, and endoaperture type. It is also crucial to examine pollen dispersion in the pollinated flowers, as it may influence reproductive success. However, pollen wall architecture was similar in all genotypes tested. Despite general morphological similarity, differences in pollen viability and pod and seed number were observed. Although Akman genotype had the largest flowers, the Karacaşehir genotype was found to be the most productive one. The findings presented here can be helpful for researchers studying bean breeding and those investigating the morphological variation in different Phaseolus genotypes.
References
Azani, N., Babineau, M., Bailey, C., Banks, H., Barbosa, A. R., Pinto, R. B., Boatwright, J. S., Borges, L., Brown, G., Bruneau, A., Cândido, E., Cardoso, D., Chung, K., Clark, R., Conceição, A., Crisp, M., Cubas, P., Delgado-Salinas, A., Dexter, K. G. ... Zimmerman, E. (2017). A new subfamily classification of the leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny. Taxon, 66(1), 44–77. https://doi.org/10.12705/661.3
Chase, M. W., Christenhusz, M. J. M., Fay, M. F., Byng, J. W., Judd, W. S., Soltis, D. E., Mabberley, D. J., Sennikov, A. N., Soltis, P. S., & Stevens, P. F. (2016). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
Croser, J. S., Lülsdorf, M. M., Davies, P. A., Clarke, H. J., Bayliss, K. L., Mallikarjuna, N., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2006). Toward doubled haploid production in the Fabaceae: progress, constraints, and opportunities. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 25(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680600563850
da Luz, C. F. P., Maki, E. S., Horák-Terra, I., Vidal-Torrado, P., & Mendonça Filho, C. V. (2013). Pollen grain morphology of Fabaceae in the Special Protection Area (SPA) Pau-de-Fruta, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 85(4), 1329–1344. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201380511
Erdtman, G. (1969). Handbook of palynology – an introduction to the study of pollen grains and spores. Munksgaard.
Graham, P. H., & Ranalli, P. (1997). Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field Crops Research, 53(1–3), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00112-3
Heslop-Harrison, J. (1972). Sexuality of angiosperms. In F. C. Steward (Ed.), Plant physiology: a treatise (pp. 134–289). Academic Press.
López, J., Rodríguez-Riaño, T., Ortega-Olivencia, A., Devesa, J. A., & Ruiz, T. (1999). Pollination mechanisms and pollen-ovule ratios in some Genisteae (Fabaceae) from Southwestern Europe. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 216(1–2), 23–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00985099
Nakano, Y., & Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22(5), 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076232
Radice, S., Ontivero, M., Giordani, E., & Bellini, E. (2008). Anatomical differences on development of fertile and sterile pollen grains of Prunus salicina Lindl. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 273, 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-008-0011-5
Schrire, B. D. (1989). A multidisciplinary approach to pollination biology in the Leguminosae. In C. H. Stirton & J. L. Zarucchi (Eds.), Advances in legume biology. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Vol. 29 (pp. 183–242). Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
Stirton, C. H. (1981). Petal sculpturing in papilionoid legumes. In R. P. Polhimm RM (Ed.), Advances in legume systematics (pp. 771–788). Royal Botanical Gardens Kew.
Suzuki, K., Takeda, H., Tsukaguchi, T., & Egawa, Y. (2001). Ultrastructural study on degeneration of tapetum in anther of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under heat stress. Sexual Plant Reproduction, 13(6), 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004970100071
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.