Keywords
gene pool
cultivars
species
introduction
breeding
How to Cite
Abstract
The article highlights the long-standing work (with a focus on the last few decades) of the Department of Floriculture and Ornamental Plants of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG), which serves as the leading scientific center for floriculture in Ukraine. In particular, it provides a detailed account of the history of the country’s largest collection, comprising over 5,000 specimens.
The scientific work of the Department of Floriculture and Ornamental Plants at the NBG combines plant introduction, in-depth biological and ecological research, and in-house breeding to create resilient domestic cultivars. Breeding is one of the Department’s top priorities. Before being included in the breeding process, plants undergo a comprehensive study, including morphobiological traits, growth and development patterns, and disease resistance (for example, fusarium wilt in asters or powdery mildew in phlox). In the long-term perspective, this enables the creation of ecologically sustainable and competitive domestic cultivars. To create new cultivars, scientists use hybridization of parent pairs with predefined traits, as well as interspecific and distant hybridization. For example, the use of distant hybridization methods has enabled the development of unique peony cultivars with extremely early flowering.
The practical results of the breeding work include the creation, over the past two decades, of more than 150 cultivars– both those traditional to the Department (e.g., peonies, small-flowered chrysanthemums, gladiolus, and annual asters) and the active development of cultivars of ornamental plants new for the NBG and Ukraine (e.g., daylilies, lilies, astilbes, oriental poppies, heuchera, and primroses). Another significant practical achievement is the development by the Department’s scientists of methods for evaluating cultivars for distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS test). Such methodologies have already been developed for astilbe, peony, phlox, heuchera, oriental poppy, and other crops, which is a prerequisite for the state registration of new domestic cultivars. All of them are based on many years of experience in introductions and cultivar investigations.
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