Keywords
Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
fruits
morphometric parameters
variability
volatile compounds
How to Cite
Abstract
Objective – to select the best genotypes of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by morphological properties and to investigate of the qualitative and quantitative content of volatile organic compounds in fruits of the collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
Material and methods. There was investigated the 28 genotypes of 30-yea-rold plants that were introduced by seeds from Czech Republic, Carpathians, Kyrgyzstan. Morphometric measurments were conducted: fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness, hilum length, hilum width. The investigation of the volatiles was conducted by the method of Chernohorod and Vinohradov (2006) using cromatographymass spectrometry. Basic statistical analyses were performed using PAST 2.17. Hierarchical cluster analyses of similarity between genotypes were computed on the basis of the Bray-Curtis similarity index. Variability of all these parameters was evaluated using descriptive statistics. Level of variability determined by Stehíková (1998). Correlation between traits was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results. Morphometric parameters were following: weight of fruits from 1.70 to 18.60 g, length – from 8.07 to 33.39 mm, width – from 16.34 to 40.95 mm, thickness – from 9.02 to 28.70 mm and hilum length – from 6.62 to 31.30 mm, hilum width – from 6.50 to 19.99 mm. Index of fruit shape and hilum was determined in range from 0.81 to 0.98 and from 1.48 to 2.03 respectively. During the analysis of qualitative composition and quantitative content of volatiles of fruits from the 2 selected genotypes 74 compounds were detected, and 27 compounds among them were identified. Identified compounds belong to hydrocarbons, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and their ethers, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes.
Conclusions. Genotypes of seed origin were quite variable. They differ by weight, shape, size and color of fruits. The high level of variation was refered to important selection feature such as mass of fruits, which says about promising of process of selection on this direction. The most genotypes have a small mass of fruits, but certain genotypes characterized by higher sign of fruit mass. The hilum has a various shape and size that can be a diagnostic feature of cultivar characteristic. The outcome of the research points to the fact that the collection of Castanea sativa is a rich source of genetic diversity and might be used in selection for creation of new genotypes and cultivars. Investigated plants are promising raw for future pharmacognostic researches.
References
A new pyrrole alkaloid from seeds of Castanea sativa / A. Hiermann, S. Kedwani, H.W. Schramm [et al.] // Fitoterapia. — 2002. — Vol. 73. — P. 22—27.
Alizoti P.G. Genetic variation of fruit traits in hellenic chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations: a first assessment / P.G. Alizoti, F.A. Aravanopoulos // Acta Horticulturae. — 2005. — Vol. 693. — P. 413— 420.
Altitude effects on fruit morphology and flour composition of two chestnut cultivars / A. Silvanini, Ch. Dall’Asta, L. Morrone [et al.] // Scientia Horticulturae. — 2014. — Vol. 176. — P. 311—318.
Alvarez-Alvarez P. Differentiation of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars by leaf, nut and burr dimensions / P. Alvarez-Alvarez, M. Barrio-Anta, U. Dieguez-Aranda // Forestry. — 2006. — Vol. 79, N 2. — P. 149—158.
Application and evaluation of morphological, phenological and molecular techniques for the characterization of Castanea sativa Mill. Cultivars / G.L. Beccaro, R. Botta, D. Torello Marinoni [et al.] // Acta Horticulturae. — 2005. — Vol. 693. — P. 453—458.
Aravanopoulos F.A. Electrophoretic and quantitative variation in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Hellenic populations in old-growthnatural and coppice stands / F.A. Aravanopoulos, A.D. Drouzas, P.G. Alizoti // Forest Snow and Landscape Research. — 2001. — Vol. 76, N 3. — P. 429—434.
Atefe K. Variations in leaf and fruit morphological traits of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) in Hyrcanian Forests, Iran / K. Atefe, T.A. Kambiz, T. Javad // International Journal of Plant Research. — 2015. — Vol. 1, N 4. — P. 155—161.
Biological properties of black mulberry-derived food products (Morus nigra L.) / L. Kucelova, O. Grygorie va, E. Ivanišová [et al.] // Journal of Berry Research. — 2016. — Vol. 6, N 3. — P. 333—343.
Botu M. Evaluation of some chestnut selections from the population formed into the ecological conditions from the north-east of Oltenia / M. Botu, G. Achim, E. Turcu // Acta Horticulturae. — 1999. — Vol. 494. — P. 77—83.
Bounous G. The chestnut: the ultimate energy source nutritional value and alimentary benefits / G. Bounous, R. Botta, G. Beccaro // Nucis. — 2000. — Vol. 9. — P. 44—50.
Breisch H. Harvesting, storage and processing of chestnuts in France and Italy / H. Breisch // Proceedings of International Congress on Chestnut. — Spoleto, Italy : Università di Perugia. — 1993. — P. 429—436.
Burnham C.R. Breeding blight-resistant chestnuts / C.R. Burnham, P.A. Rutter, D.W. French // Plant Breeding Reviews. — 1986. — Vol. 4. — P. 347—397.
Cirlini M. Volatile nger printing of chestnut flours from traditional Emilia Romagna (Italy) cultivars / M. Cirlini, C. Dall’Asta, A. Silvanini // Food Chem. — 2012. — Vol. 134. — P. 662—668.
Comparison between phonetic characterization using RAPD and ISSR markers and phenotypic data of cultivated chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) / L. Goulão, T. Valdiviesso, C. Santana [et al.] // Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. — 2001. — Vol. 48. — P. 329— 338.
Ertan E. Variability in leaf and fruit morphology and in fruit composition of chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the Nazilli region of Turkey / E. Ertan // Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. — 2007. — Vol. 54. — P. 691—699.
Gounga M.E. Volatile compounds analysis in chestnuts and chocolate-coated chestnuts using GC — MS / M.E. Gounga, K.A. Omar, I. Amadou // Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. — 2017. — Vol. 4, N 12. — P. 60—67.
Haltofov P. Distribution of sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Mill. in the Czech Republic / P. Haltofová, L. Jankovsky // Journal of Forest Science. — 2003. — Vol. 49, N 6. — P. 259—272.
Characterisation of traditional Portuguese chestnut cul tivars by nuclear SSRS / R. Costa, T. Valdiviesso, L. Marum [et al.] // Acta Horticulturae. — 2005. — Vol. 693. — P. 437—440.
Characterization of morphological parameters and biological activity of jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) / E. Ivanišová, O. Grygorieva, V. Abrahamová [et al.] // Journal of Berry Research. — 2017. — Vol. 7, N 4. — P. 249—260.
Characterization of various chestnut cultivars by means of chemometrics approach / E.A. Peña-Méndez, M. Hernández-Suárez, C. Díaz-Romero [et al.] // Food Chemistry. — 2008. — Vol. 107. — P. 537—544.
Chemical composition of chestnut cultivars from Spain / S. Pereira-Lorenzo, A.M. Ramos-Cabrer, M.B. Díaz-Hernándeza [et al.] // Scientia Horticulturae. — 2006. — Vol. 107, N 3. — P. 306—314.
Chernogorod L.B. Essential oils of some species of the genus of Ahillea L. containing fragranol / L.B. Chernogorod, B.A. Vinogradov // Vegetable Resources. — 2006. — Vol. 42, N 2. — P. 61—68.
Identification of sweet chesnut pollen in bee pollen pellet using molecular analysis / J. Žiarovská, O. Grygorieva, L. Zeleňáková [et al.] // Potravinarstvo. — 2015. — Vol. 9, N 1. — P. 352—358.
Introduction, breeding and use of persimmon species (Diospyros spp.) in Ukraine / O. Grygorieva, S. Klymenko, J. Brindza [et al.] // Acta Hortic. — 2009. — Vol. 833. — P. 57—62.
Klymenko S. Biological bases of seed and vegetative reproduction of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) in nature and culture / S. Klymenko, O. Grygorieva, L. Onyschuk // Agrobiodiversity for improving nutrition, health and life quality. — 2017. — N 1. — P. 233—248.
Lipid and fatty acid profile of Castanea sativa Mill. nuts of seventeen native Portuguese cultivars / O. Borges, J. Carvalho, P. Correia [et al.] // Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. — 2006. — Vol. 20. — P. 80—89.
Metabolite composition of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) upon cooking: Proximate analysis, fibre, organic acids and phenolics / B. Gonçalves, O. Borges, H.C. Soares [et al.] // Food Chemistry. — 2010. — Vol. 122, N 1. — P. 154—160.
Morphological and antioxidant characteristics of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) and chinese quince fruit (Pseudocydonia sinensis Schneid.) / A. Monka, O. Grygorieva, P. Chlebo [et al.] // Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences. — 2014. — Vol. 8, N 1. — P. 333—340.
Morphological characteristic of fruit, drupes and seeds genotypes of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. / O. Grygorieva, V. Abrahamová, M. Karnatovská [et al.] // Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences. — 2014. — Vol. 8, N 1. — P. 306—314.
Morphological variation in chestnut fruits (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Tuscany (Italy) / M. Borghetti, P. Menozzi, G.G. Vendramin [et al.] // Silvae Genetica. — 1986. — vol. 35, N 2-3. — P. 124—128.
Morphometric characteristics of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) fruits / O. Grygorieva, S. Klymenko, J. Brindza [et al.] // Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences. — 2017. — Vol. 11, N 1. — P. 288— 295.
Mujić I. Morphological characteristics of chestnut Castanea sativa from the area of NUA-SANA cantion / I. Mujić, V. Alibabici, J. Zivkovic [et al.] // Journal of Central European Agriculture. — 2010. — Vol. 11, N 2. — P. 185—190.
Neri L. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of cured chestnuts from three sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) ecotypes from Italy / L. Neri, G. Dimitri, G. Sacchetti // Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. — 2010. — Vol. 23, N 1. — P. 23—29.
Nutritional quality of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars from Portugal / O. Borges, B. Gonçalves, J.L.S. Carvalho [et al.] // Food Chemistry. — 2008. — Vol. 106. — P. 976—984.
Odalovic A. Effect of ecological conditions on expression of biopomological characteristics of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in natural populations of Montenegro / A. Odalovic, R. Prenkic, D. Dubak [et al.] // Genetika. — 2013. — Vol. 45, N 1. — P. 251—260.
Organic acids in two Portuguese chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) varieties / B. Ribeiro, J. Rangel, P. Valentão [et al.] // Food Chemistry. — 2007. — Vol. 100, N 2. — P. 504—508.
Ormeci Y. Selection of promising chestnuts (Castanea sativa) among wild growing trees from southern Mediterranean region forests of Turkey / Y. Ormeci, Y. Akca, S. Ercisli // Journal of Forestry Research. — 2016. — Vol. 27, N 2. — P. 349—355.
Pereira-Lorenzo S. Variability and grouping of northwestern Spanish chestnut cultivars. I. Morphological traits / S. Pereira-Lorenzo, J. Fernandez-Lуpez, J. Moreno-Gonzalez // Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. — 1996. — Vol. 121, N 2. — P. 183—189.
Phenotypic and genetic differences among populations of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Slovakia / M. Bolvansky, F. Tokar, D. Tarinova [et al.] // Acta Horticulturae. — 2009. — Vol. 844. — P. 235— 242.
SAS, 2009. User’s Guide Version 9.2. SAS/STAT ® SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA.
Slovakian cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.): potential for cultivation / P. Brindza, J. Brindza, D. Tóth [et al.] // Acta Hortic. — 2007. — Vol. 760. — P. 433—437.
Solar A. Characterisation of seven preselected chestnut fruit types from Slovene chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) population / A. Solar, F. Štampar, A. Podjavoršek [et al.] // Acta Horticulturae. — 1998. — Vol. 494. — P. 95—100.
Solar A. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of european chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Slovenia — opportunity for genetic improvement / A. Solar, A. Podjavoršek, F.S. Štampar // Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. — 2005. — Vol. 52, N 4. — P. 381—394.
Stehlíková B. Basics of bio-statistics (Biodiversity protection 51) / B. Stehlíková. — Nitra: SPU. — 1998. — 79 s.
Variability and selection of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) genotypes in Srinagar district of the Kashmir Valley / A.H. Pandit, M.A. Mir, A. Kour [et al.] // Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. — 2011. — Vol. 50, N 2. — P. 205—209.
Vitamin E profile as a reliable authenticity discrimination factor between chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars / J.C.M. Barreira, R.C. Alves, S. Casal [et al.] // Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. — 2009. — Vol. 57. — P. 5524—5528.
Volatile compound analysis of SPME headspace and extract samples from roasted Italian chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) using GC — MS / S. Krist, H. Unterweger, F. Bandion // Eur. Food Res. Technol. — 2004. — Vol. 219. — P. 470—473.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.