Keywords
Artemisia
carpopodium
mucous complexes
primary ultrastructure
secondary ultrastructure
fruit
How to Cite
Abstract
The achenes’ micromorphological structure of six Artemisia species (A. absinthium, A. annua, A. argyi, A. dracunculus, A. marschalliana, and A. vulgaris) distributed in Ukraine was investigated with the aim to identify taxonomically significant carpological features for the studied species.
Fruits were collected from wild plants growing in the recreation areas of Kyiv and from the plants hosted in the living collection of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Macromorphological features were studied with a binocular microscope Stemi 2000 Carl Zeiss. The ultrastructure of the surface was studied using a scanning electron microscope JSM-6700F JEOL, in the mode of secondary electron emission. Carbon spraying was performed using vacuum thermal evaporation of the vacuum universal post VUP-5M SELMI; platinum spraying was performed with an ion-plasma etching device JFC-1600 JEOL.
All investigated species have a well-expressed, true, multicellular, symmetrical, multi-row carpopodium but differ by its shape. The surface of A. annua achenes is reticulate-pitted due to the specific structure of the exocarp and the exotests located below it. Species with lobed and continuous apical rim and species without a rim around the place of attachment of the corolla were found. It was established that the primary ultrastructure of investigated fruits is caused by the shape and character of mucous cell arrangement; epidermal cells of the exocarp are mostly compressed, without clear boundaries. Mostly a thin and inconspicuous cuticle, sometimes wrinkled, with layers and small outgrowths, causes the secondary ultrastructure of these fruits. We believe that the mentioned carpological features may be used as additional criteria in combination with other features to identify studied species.
References
Artyushenko, Z. T., & Fedorov, A. A. (1986). Atlas of descriptive morphology of higher plants. Embryo. Leningrad: Nauka. (In Russian)
Bagatskaya, T. S., & Vakulenko, T. B. (2013). Morphological features of achenes Artemisia argyi Leveillie et Vaniot and Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae). Bulletin of Udmurdskiy University, 3, 162–165. (In Russian)
Barthlott, W. (1981). Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: Systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic Journal of Botany 1(3), 345–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1981.tb00704.x
Beer, A. S. (2005). Comparative biomorphological study of the Eastern European representatives of the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae Dumort.). [PhD thesis abstract]. Moscow. (In Russian)
Bojnanský, V., & Fargašová, A. (2007). Atlas of seeds and fruits of Central and East-European flora. Dordrecht: Springer.
Boyko, E. V. (2010). Morphological and anatomical structure of achenes of Far Eastern species of the genera Kalimeris and Boltonia (Asteraceae: Astereae). Turczaninowia, 13(4), 58–64. (In Russian)
Boyko, E. V. (2011). Taxonomy and resources of Far Eastern species of the family Asteraceae. [PhD thesis abstract]. Vladivostok. (In Russian)
Boyko, E. V. (2013). Micromorphology of achenes of species of the genus Artemisia (Anthemideae – Asteraceae). Turczaninowia, 16(2), 91–105. (In Russian)
Boyko, E. V. (2014). Crystals in the tissues of achenes of Asteraceae species. Turczaninowia, 17(3), 58–64. (In Russian)
Boyko, E. V., & Novozhilova, E. V. (2018). Structure of the seed coat of Asteraceae species. I. Tribes Arctotideae, Cardueae, Mutisieae, Vernonieae. Turczaninowia, 21(4), 44–62. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.21.4.6
Boyko, G. V. (2013). Distribution of species of the genus Artemisia L. in the flora of Ukraine. Industrial Botany, 13, 73–79. (In Russian)
Korobkov, A. A. (1973). Morphological and anatomical features of sagebrush achenes (Artemisia ssp.) in the North-East of the USSR. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 58(9), 1302–1315. (In Russian)
Mukherjee, S. K., & Nordenstam, B. (2010). Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the cypselar walls in some members of the Compositae and their taxonomic significance. Compositae Newsletter, 48, 63–88.
Mungalov, E. A. (2004). Wormwood of the Altai Mountains. [PhD thesis abstract]. Tomsk. (In Russian)
Ouyahya, A. (1995). Étude anatomique preliminare des akènes de quelques Artemisia dans le bassin méditerranéen occidental. Compositae Newsletter, 26, 40–48.
Stern, W. T. (1992). Botanical Latin. Oxford.
Yakovleva, O. V., Korobkov, A. A., & Boyko, E. V. (2002). Features of the structure of mucus-containing cells in the pericarp of achenes of some species of the genus Artemisia (Asteraceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 87(9), 1–9. (In Russian)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.