Abstract
A method for the imitation of drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana L. combining the advantages of rapid and prolonged treatments was developed. The proposed method allows decreasing water content in the growth medium gradually and homogenously, growing plants under sterile conditions, and observing a root system during the growth. In the course of experiment, gradual growth retardation of stressed plants was observed. The rates of cell division and cell elongation of the tap root were measured and it was defined that cell division and cell elongation are both responsible for growth retardation. Morphological changes in the roots of stressed plants were described.
References
Baskin T.I., Wilson J.E. Inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases alter root morphology and disorganize cortical microtubules // Plant Physiol. — 1997. — 113, N 2. — P. 493—502.
Beemster G.T.S., Baskin T.I. Analysis of cell division and elongation underlying the developmental acceleration of root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana // Plant Physiol. — 1998. — 116, N 4. — P. 1515—1526.
Burssens S., Himanen K., van de Cotte B. et al. Expression of cell cycle regulatory genes and morphological alterations in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana // Planta. — 2000. — 211, N 5. — P. 632—640.
Colon Carmona A., You R., Haimovitch-Gal T., Doerner P. Spatio-temporal analysis of mitotic activity with a labile cyclin-GUS fusion protein // Plant J. — 1999. — 20, N 4. — P. 503—508.
Creelman R.A., Mason H.S., Bensen R.J. et al. Water deficit and abscisic acid cause differential inhibition of shoot versus root growth in soybean seedlings. Analysis of growth, sugar accumulation and gene expression // Plant Physiol. — 1990. — 92, N 1. — P. 205—214.
Dubrowsky J.G., North G.B., Nobel P.S. Root growth, developmental changes in the apex, and hydraulic conductivity for Opuntia ficus-indica during drought // New Phytologist. — 1998. — 138, N 1. — P. 75—82.
Duzan H.M., Zhou X., Souleimanov A., Smith D.L. Perception of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Nod factor by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] root hairs under abiotic stress conditions // J. Exp. Bot. — 2004. — 55, N 408. — P. 2641—2646.
Fraser T.E., Silk W.K., Rost T.L. Effects of low water potential on cortical cell length in growing regions of maize roots // Plant Physiol. — 1990. — 93, N 2. — P. 648—651.
Fujimoto S.Y., Ohta M., Usui A. et al. Arabidopsis Ethylene-responsive element binding factors act as transcriptional activators or repressors of GCC box-mediated gene expression // Plant Cell. — 2000. — 12, N 3. — P. 393—404.
Gingrich J.R., Russell M.B. Effect of soil moisture tension and oxygen concentration on the growth of corn roots // Agr. J. — 1956. — 48, N 3. — P. 517—520.
Kasuga M., Liu Q., Setsuko M. et al. Improving plant drought, salt and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor //Nat. Biotech. — 1999. — 17, N 3. — P. 287—291.
Kurth E., Cramer G.R., Lauchi A., Epstein E. Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on cell enlargement and cell production in cotton roots // Plant Physiol. — 1986. — 82, N 4. — P. 1102—1186.
Materechera S.A., Dexter A.R., Alston A.M., Kirby J.M. Growth of seedling roots in response to external osmotic stress by polyethylene glycol 20 000 // Plant and Soil. — 1992. — 143, N 1. — P. 85—91.
Miller D., de Rujter N., Emons A. From signal to form: aspects of the cytoskeleton-plasma membrane-cell wall continuum in root hair tips // J. Exp. Bot. — 1997. — 48, N 316. — P. 1881—1896.
Mirreh H.F., Ketcheson J.W. Influence of soil water matric potential and resistance to penetration on corn root elongation // Can. J. Soil Sci. — 1973. — 53, N 4. — P. 383—388.
Mueller S., Fuchs E., Ovecka M. et al. Two new loci, PLEIADE and HYADE, implicate organspecific regulation of cytokinesis in Arabidopsis // Plant Physiol. — 2002. — 130, N 1. — P. 312—324.
Mueller M. and Schmidt W. Environmentally induced plasticity of root hair development in Arabidopsis // Plant Physiol. — 2004. — 134, N 1. — P. 409—419.
Nguyen A., Lamant A. Variation in growth and osmotic regulation of roots of water-stressed maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) provenances // Tree Physiol. — 1989. — 5, N 1. — P. 123—133.
Oono Y., Seki M., Tokihiko N. et al. Monitoring expression profiles of Arabidopsis gene expression during rehydration process after dehydration using ca. 7000 full-length cDNA microarray // Plant J. — 2003. — 34, N 1. — P. 868—887.
Sacks M.M., Silk W.K., Burman P. Effect of water stress on cortical cell division rates within the apical meristem of primary roots of maize // Plant Physiol. — 1997. — 114, N 2. — P. 519—527.
Samarajeewa P.K., Barrero R.A., Umeda-Hara C. et al. Cortical cell death, cell proliferation, macromolecular movements and rTip1 expression patterns in roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under NaCl stress // Planta. — 1999. — 207, N 3. — P. 354—361.
Seki M., Narusaka M., Abe H. et al. Monitoring the expression pattern of 1300 Arabidopsis genes under drought and cold stresses by using a fulllength cDNA microarray //Plant Cell. — 2001. — 13, N 1. — P. 61—72.
Seki M., Narusaka M., Ishida J. et al. Monitoring the expression profiles of 7000 Arabidopsis genes under drought, cold and high-salinity stresses using a full-length cDNA microarray // Plant Journal. — 2002. — 31, N 3. — P. 279—292.
Sharp R.E., Davies W.J. Solute regulation and growth by roots and shoots of water-stressed maize plants // Planta. — 1979. — 147, N 1. — P. 43—49.
Shou H., Bordallo P., Wang K. Expression of the Nicotiana protein kinase (NPK1) enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic maize // J. Exp. Bot. — 2004. — 55, N 399. — P. 1013—1019.
Söderman E., Hjellstrom M., Fahleson J., Engstrom P. The HD-Zip gene ATHB6 in Arabidopsis is expressed in developing leaves, roots and carpels and up-regulated by water deficit conditions // Plant Mol. Biol. — 1999. — 40, N 1. — P. 1073—1083.
Spollen W.G., Sharp R.E., Saab I.N., Wu Y. Regulation of cell expansion in roots and shoots at low water potentials. In: Smith JAC, Griffiths H, eds. Water deficits. Plant responses from cell to community. — Oxford: BIOS, 1993. — P. 37—52.
Thompson V.M. and Holbrook N.M. Root-gel interactions and the root waving behaviour of Arabidopsis // Plant Physiol. — 2004. — 135, N 3. — P. 1822—1837.
Triboulot M.-B., Pritchard J., Tomos D. Stimulation and inhibition of pine root growth by osmotic stress // New Phytologist. — 1995. — 130, N 2. — P. 169—175.
Vartanian N., Marcotte L., Giraudat J. Drought rhizogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana // Plant. Physiol. — 1994. — 104, N 2. — P. 761—767.
Van der Weele C.M., Spollen W.G., Sharp R.E., Baskin T.I. Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings under water deficit studied by control of water potential in nutrient-agar media // J. Exp. Bot. — 2000. — 51, N 350. — P. 1555—1562.
Werner T., Motyka V., Laucou V. et al. Cytokinin-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of root and shoot meristem activity //Plant Cell. — 2003. — 15, N 11. — P. 2532—2550.
West G., Inze D., Beemster G.T.S. Cell cycle modulation in the response of the primary root of Arabidopsis to salt stress //Plant Physiol. — 2004. — 135, N 2. — P. 1—9.
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K., Shinozaki K. A novel cis-acting element in an Arabidopsis gene is involved in responsiveness to drought, low-temperature, or high-salt stress // Plant Cell. — 1994. — 6, N 2. — P. 251—264.
Zhang J.Z., Creelman R.A., Zhu J.-K. From laboratory to field. Using information from Arabidopsis to engineer salt, cold, and drought tolerance in crops // Plant Physiol. — 2004. — 135, N 1. — P. 1—7.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.